Identification and examination of the salient structural similarities and differences between historical attestations of the Old Germanic Languages.

History and structure of the speech and language styles used in the African American community; examination of linguistic and cultural issues that confront the majority of African Americans; the role of the vernacular language of African Americans in society.

The English language of the Middle English period, including the development of the language from the end of the Old English period through the transition to Modern English.

Introduction to sociolinguistics from a variationist perspective. Analysis of multiple levels of linguistic variation (e.g., phonetic, morphosyntactic) and examination of correlations between linguistic variables and social factors as observed in empirical data from different varieties of Spanish. Given in Spanish.
Offered fall semester every even-numbered year.

Study of the patterns of literary style, including language and literary stylistics, genre, and cognition and perception.
Offered every odd-numbered year.

Introduction to the study of the sounds used in human languages and how sounds function as a system in individual languages. Fundamentals of articulatory and acoustic phonetics, basic phonological architecture and formalism, phonetic motivations for phonological alternations.

Topics in the study of sociolinguistics and dialectology, particularly related to Romance Languages. The topics covered in the course include (but are not limited to) quantitative methods in sociolinguistics and dialectology, language change/grammaticalization, sociophonetics, and language contact in the Romance speaking world. Taught in Spanish.

An in-depth study and critique of the scholarly literature and research on a representative topic or topics in the history of the Spanish language. Taught in Spanish.

Special topics and current issues in computational linguistics. Offered fall and spring semester every even-numbered year.

This year the Computational Linguistics Seminar will focus on a topic that cuts across many different ways of studying natural language: the (apparent?) conflict between Functionalist and Formalist explanation. To a first approximation, Functionalist explanations appeal to factors outside the language system itself, for instance to the use value that an utterance has for communication. By contrast Formalists strive to explain the facts of natural language by appeal to a self-contained, deductive system “formulated in a vocabulary of nonsemantic structural primitives” (Newmeyer). These two kinds of explanation continue to enjoy popularity across diverse subfields of modern linguistics; it is therefore important that professionals in the field learn to grapple with both of them.

Seminar participants engage with Functionalism and Formalism through reading and discussion. We examine particular phenomena, for instance in language typology among other areas, from both Formalist and Functionalist perspectives. Towards the end of the semester, students write a final paper on a topic that is mutually acceptable to instructor and student.

Unlike in previous years, the Spring 2024 Seminar will not require any background in computational linguistics. However it will assess Large Language Models, such as ChatGPT, as potential models of Functionalist linguistic theory. The view of such systems as models of Functionalist theory gains plausibility, if we reduce the notion of usage in a particular speech community to attestation in a (textual) corpus. Via this connection, the Seminar provides a natural follow-up to Fall 2023 Text and Corpus Analysis class.

DIAGRAM from Functionalism in Linguistics, edited by René Dirven and Vilém Fried. John Benjamins 1987.

SAMPLE BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Christopher S. Butler. 2005. Functional approaches to language. In The Dynamics of Language Use: Functional and Contrasting Perspectives edited by Christopher S. Butler, María de los Ángeles Gómez-González and Susana M. Doval-Suárez.
• John A. Hawkins. 2014. Cross-linguistic Variation and Efficiency. Oxford University Press.
• Natalia Levshina. 2022. Communicative Efficiency: language structure and use. Cambridge University Press.
• Frederick Newmeyer. 2017. Formal and Functional Explanation. Chapter 7 in the Oxford Handbook of Universal Grammar edited by Ian Roberts. 
• Michelle Sheehan, Theresa Biberauer, Ian Roberts and Anders Holmberg. 2017. The Final-Over-Final Condition: a syntactic universal. MIT Press
• Margaret Thomas. 2020. Formalism and Functionalism in Linguistics. Routledge.

Students will work with current models of formal phonological analysis, including Optimality Theory and Exemplar Theory, as well as phonetically-informed approaches, to look at both synchronic and diachronic phenomena in the language. Data from both modern Spanish dialects and the historical evolution of the language is therefore considered, as is morphological and morphophonological change and variation. Taught in Spanish or English.
Offered fall semester every odd-numbered year.