Syntax and Morphology

leafless tree

Syntax is the study of sentence structure, its relationship to meaning, and theoretical models that account for the ability of speakers to generate an infinite number of novel utterances. Morphology is the study of word structure and its relationship both to sentence structure and to meaning.

 

 

 

Sociolinguistics and Language Variation

Map of the united states with different regions classifications

Sociolinguistics and Language Variation involve the study of how language varies among different groups of speakers and the relationship of this variation to social factors. The examination of the reciprocal effects of social organization and social contexts on language use and the exploration of social and linguistic diversity helps us better understand how we use language to construct personal, cultural, and social identities.

 

 

 

Semantics

Diagram of people and representations of conversations in speech bubbles using several icons

Semantics is the study of meaning in language, including the logical aspects of meaning (formal semantics), word meanings and their relations (lexical semantics), and the cognitive structure of meaning (conceptual semantics).

 

 

 

 

Phonetics and Phonology

Sound waves

Phonetics is the study of speech sounds as physical entities (their articulation, acoustic properties, and how they are perceived), and phonology is the study of the organization and function of speech sounds as part of the grammar of a language. The perspectives of these two closely related subfields are combined in laboratory phonology, which seeks to understand the relationship between cognitive and physical aspects of human speech.