The major changes in the history of the French language, with special attention to the interaction of linguistic and societal changes and to the representation of these changes in literary texts. Given in French.

Phonetic and morpho-syntactic structures that are problematic for the English-speaking student of Spanish. Ways in which culture is encoded in language. Implications of Spanish linguistics for the teaching and learning of Spanish and the linguistic education of language teachers. Given in Spanish.

Grammar and language usage in the study of the syntactic and morphological structures of Spanish. The syntax and morphology of the pronoun and verb systems, agreement phenomena, gerunds, comparisons, and modal and aspectual distinctions. Written self-expression on a variety of issues as practical application of grammatical structures discussed in class. Given in Spanish.

Phonology of French as it determines the underlying forms of morphology with an application to the teaching of French to non-native speakers. Emphasis on the concepts of variation, acceptability, and cultural sensitivity. Given in French.

The Spanish sound system using core concepts of linguistics in general and phonology in particular. Characterization and transcription of spoken Spanish. Analysis of important phenomena of language variation in the Hispanic world, including national, geographical, historical, and social dialects. Given in Spanish.

French phonetics: the sounds of French as they relate to levels of language from the vernacular to literature. An examination of how sounds vary with relation to region and social class. Practice in class and in the language laboratory. Given in French.

The origins of modern standard German from the Indo-European parent language through proto-Germanic, Old and Middle High German, and the early modern period.

An introduction to computer techniques for processing human languages, with a focus on textual data. Students will develop deep and intuitive understandings of quantitative and algorithmic principles behind NLP techniques, with an equal emphasis on classic and deep-learning approaches. Students will apply those techniques creatively to a variety of NLP tasks (e.g. part-of-speech tagging, sentiment analysis, dialogue act classification) to solve theoretical and applied problems in linguistics and language studies, including building language technology.

The major linguistic changes in the history of the Spanish language, including the interaction of linguistic and societal changes and the representation of these changes in texts.

Linguistic and sociolinguistic structures of modern German with relevant linguistic terminology. Emphasis on phonology, morphology, and syntax. Taught in English.