Study of the phonology, morphology, syntax, and culture of a less-taught language. Possible offerings include Finnish, Hungarian, and other non-Indo-European languages.

A “corpus” (plural: corpora) is a computerized collection of text or speech. This course introduces the use of corpora to study language. These studies span academic disciplines from formal linguistics to literature. This course introduces tools for working with texts and quantitatively analyzing them.

The role of language and culture in the formation of philosophical assumptions about gender differentiation in society.

The syntax of modern French through readings in descriptive analysis and examples of literary texts to see how word order contributes to meaning. Particular emphasis on levels of style and reflections of social class. Frequent compositions required. Given in French.

The influence of languages on other languages spoken in the same or neighboring areas, including pidgins and creoles, with consideration of relationships in phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and vocabulary.

Description and linguistic analysis of major syntactic structures, including morphological patterns of lexical creation and renovation.

Speech organs and systematic description of Spanish sounds. Comparison of English and Spanish patterns of stress, pronunciation, and intonation. Examination of recurrent pronunciation errors. Description of major geographical and social dialects. Practice in pronunciation and transcription of sounds. Given in Spanish.

Theoretical and applied German phonology and word structure. Taught in English.

The French sound system in theory and practice. How French sounds are formed and how they reflect social class and geographical origin. Work on pronunciation in class and the language laboratory. Given in French.

One of the Celtic languages (for example, Welsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic) in medieval or contemporary form. Languages and instructors may vary from semester to semester.